How does coeliac disease contribute to nutrient deficiencies?

Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disorder that is triggered by the ingestion of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. When individuals with coeliac disease consume gluten, their immune system responds by damaging the villi, which are small, finger-like projections lining the small intestine. The primary function of the villi is to facilitate the absorption of nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, from the food we eat.

When the villi are damaged or flattened as seen in coeliac disease, the surface area available for nutrient absorption is significantly reduced. This impairment leads to malabsorption of essential nutrients, resulting in deficiencies. For example, individuals may experience a lack of iron, calcium, folate, and vitamins such as B12 and D. This malabsorption can lead to a variety of health issues, including anemia, osteoporosis, and growth delays in children.

Understanding the mechanism of how coeliac disease affects nutrient absorption emphasizes the importance of diagnosing and treating the condition effectively, usually by adhering to a strict gluten-free diet. The other options presented do not accurately describe the primary physiological response associated with coeliac disease. Excessive absorption or increased gastrointestinal motility does not occur in this context, nor does reduced food