What are complex carbohydrates composed of?

Complex carbohydrates are made up of larger carbohydrate molecules, specifically oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.

Oligosaccharides consist of a small number of monosaccharide units, typically ranging from three to ten sugar molecules linked together. Examples include raffinose and stachyose, which are often found in beans and certain vegetables.

Polysaccharides, on the other hand, are made up of long chains of monosaccharide units and can contain hundreds or thousands of these molecules. Common examples of polysaccharides are starch, glycogen, and cellulose. These structures are significant because they take longer to digest and provide a sustained source of energy as compared to simple carbohydrates.

Understanding the nature of these compounds is crucial because they play a vital role in nutrition. They provide essential nutrients and fiber, which is important for digestive health and maintaining stable blood sugar levels. This distinction helps clarify why complex carbohydrates are an essential part of a balanced diet, contributing to overall health and energy levels.