What protein is known to trigger inflammation in individuals with coeliac disease?

Gluten is the protein known to trigger inflammation in individuals with coeliac disease. In people affected by this condition, the ingestion of gluten—found in wheat, barley, and rye—leads to an immune response that damages the lining of the small intestine. This immune reaction is characterized by inflammation and can result in various symptoms, such as abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, and malnutrition due to reduced nutrient absorption.

The body mistakenly identifies gluten as a harmful substance, activating the immune system inappropriately. This response can cause significant gastrointestinal issues as well as systemic effects. Therefore, strict avoidance of gluten is essential for individuals diagnosed with coeliac disease to manage their symptoms and prevent long-term complications.