What role does the enzyme lactase serve in digestion?

Lactase is an enzyme that specifically facilitates the digestion of lactose, which is a sugar found in milk and dairy products. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose into its constituent monosaccharides, glucose and galactose, which can then be absorbed into the bloodstream and utilized by the body for energy.

Without sufficient lactase, individuals may experience lactose intolerance, leading to gastrointestinal discomfort when consuming dairy due to undigested lactose in the intestines. Understanding the specific role of lactase helps highlight its importance in the digestive process, particularly for those who consume dairy. This enzyme does not play a role in protein digestion, starch breakdown, or fat absorption, as it is solely dedicated to handling lactose.